Diabetes mellitus is a pathological process related to disruption in the endocrine system, which develops as a result of the relative or absolute causes of insulin hormone deficiency. The result is a sudden increase in glucose concentration in the bloodstream (hyperglycemia factor).
Characteristics of the disease are infringement of metabolism at all systemic and chronic courses. To be more aware of the complexity of diabetes, the dangers of various disorders accompanying the disease, it is necessary to disclose the concepts of energy entities and metabolic processes.
For the function of the harmony of all body systems, energy is important. The body cannot generate freely, so it consumes it from external sources.
One of the unique and unique transportation is the basis of food. Carbohydrate complex, as a component of food, is supplied to people's organisms in 50-75% of energy.
Carbohydrates are the most organic matter on the surface of the earth, they are kept at the cellular level in all living things. They transfer energy to the organs, provide life and prosperity to all systems.
But the body itself does not synthesize carbohydrates, but leads them with food. The largest number of these elements is concentrated in plant cells.
Carbohydrates are divided into simple (or monosaccharides) and complex (or polysaccharides). The first type includes glucose and fructose, second cellulose, starch, glycogen. Assimilation all types occur at various levels of speed. Monosaccharides, as a base of energy, insert blood flow at a rapid rate, resulting in a sudden increase in sugar levels. The polysaccharide assimilation process is very slow. The main role of polysaccharides is the stabilization and quality of digestion in the intestinal department and the excretion of toxic substances and complex complexes.
Glucose is a dominant energy supplier, it is not free in food publishing. Its formation occurs by the third carbohydrate damage during food processing, after which it is transported to the blood. Sugar levels always rise at the same time. Then, under the control and action of insulin, glucose enters the cage. After moving inside, glucose carries the metabolic process.
Adjust the process of sugar
The main function in the adjustment of carbohydrate metabolic processes belongs to the pancreatic hormone - insulin. The pancreas (pancreas) is an organ responsible for the function and development of internal and external secretions. The internal secretion produces antagonistic hormones: insulin and glucagon. External secretions contribute to the development of substances that normalize digestion. This hormone is produced by the beta cells. Insulin reduces sugar, and glucagon increases.
With increased glucose levels, insulin is removed into the bloodstream and causes glucose penetration into the cell. Food contributes to the addition of insulin, so sugar does not increase, the level is stable. Excessive glucose is stored in the liver, such as glucagon, which, as needed, is transformed into glucose. With glucose deficiency, glucagon retains glycogen, successfully moving it to glucose consistency, more than giving energy to the body.
The normal level of glucose ranges from 75 to 115 mg/dL in the morning, before eating. Then, after eating, the glucose level reaches 125-145 mg/dL.
Type of diabetes
- Insulin form -depending on (diabetes mellitus type 1);
- Insulinone form -depending on (type 2 diabetes mellitus).
The first type of pathology is the inability of the pancreatic cells to the development of accurate amounts of insulin (production may not be present at all). The cause of such failure is complete death of gland cells and bad factors - viruses, stress, weak immune system, wrong eating, inflammation of any form directly in the pancreas and excess fat.
Type 1 diabetes requires compulsory insulin injection according to strict graphics.
The second type of disease, insulin -dependent, more commonly, characterized by the development of sufficient insulin norms, but the body does not see it, the result is a small dose of insulin. The reasons are different: from obesity to internal organ disease, thyroid gland and pituitary gland. One important thing is the use of different spectrum drugs.
Mark
With both types of diseases, sugar cannot absorb on the cellular level, and it is rooted in blood cells, which forced them to starve them with passion. Signs of the second diabetes -The two types are the same -these are various urine, in large quantities, the desire to drink plenty of fluids, lose weight with good nutrition, increase fatigue, low skin regeneration, wound appearance and purulent formation.
The differences in the signs are just as follows: the first type is growing at the shortest and more bright. In patients with the second type of disease, it continues the latent, without signs and can make it randomly felt. In the urine of the person examined, sugar is found, his presence is abnormal. In the patient's urine, the first type is sugar and acetone.
Treatment
The first type is treated with continuous insulin injection according to the schedule, and if type 2 diabetes has grown, It is prescribed hypoglycemic treatment with medications that reduce sugar concentration. The right moment of integrated approach and therapy is important here.
Oral
- In the early stages of the disease, the treatment of A-Glucosidase inhibitors, sulfonylmochevina preparations were effective.
- Medicines - biguanides.
- Plant drugs, folk medicine, various supplements are used effectively in the treatment of diabetes.
It is important to know and understand that the disease is dangerous and dangerous. In all directions, they crawl silently and in the future can cause defects, and often death.
A possible problem
- Periodontal disease, stomatitis.
- Liver disease.
- Disruption in the gall system.
- Brain violations and damage to blood supply.
- Visual tract disease and various lesions, maybe blindness.
Diet
Therapeutic foods are scientifically mentioned "Nine Nine Diet", which is strictly prescribed by the Order of the Doctor, by the type of disease. It is important to focus on the principles directed, for example, the exception of fried, spicy, salty and spicy foods. Get off with empty and canned alcohol, also remove sugar. Strict control and fat limitations, food fractional techniques. Diabetes diet is a key component of maintaining a relatively normal condition.
With type 1 diabetes
The dietary rules with this type are intended for the proper calculation of bread units or carbohydrates in food. It is important not the food itself, but the quantitative parameters.
This account is maintained: the use of a single food with 7-8 units of bread, in carbohydrates up to 90 grams. Before eating, the dose of insulin and the amount of bread in the unit is always calculated before meals. The true liquid -the sweetness of any type is excluded.
With type 2 diabetes
Here, most importantly, to stabilize the carbohydrate process. In treatment, exercise is used and decreased food consumption by calorie content. Calculation is done by individual programs.
Authorized Product
- Mushrooms and vegetable soups, beet soup, okroshka, low fish.
- Low beef pieces, beef, rabbits, chicken fillets.
- Rye and wheat type of bread, bran.
- Fat fish: You can be boiled and roasted.
- Small cheese, sour kitchen -milk, yogurts.
- Eggs are up to 2 pieces per week, and only protein. The yellow is sometimes.
- Millet, Barley porridge, Buckwheat, Oatmeal and Pearl Barley
- Salad leaves, pumpkin, cucumber, tomato, zucchini, cabbage and eggplant. Vegetables -Simple preferred boiled and burned. The potatoes are very small.
- Fruits and berries without sweetness, for example, apples, grapefruit. Juice and compot on sorbites.
A prohibited product
- Fat meat soup.
- Fatty meat in any form.
- Pai, roll, sdoba.
- Fat fish.
- Any kind of pickle and smoking.
- Fish and meat in canned goods, in oil solutions, caviar.
- All salted cheese, cottage cheese species with sugar, butter.
- White varieties of rice, semolina and pasta in any form.
- Salt and fireplace, Bean family vegetables.
- Strawberries, grapes, figs, bananas, dates, jam, chocolate.
- Grapes, peaches, and other species with sweet improvements.
With an alarm signal, you should go to the doctor immediately if the symptoms of diabetes are found and start timely preventive measures, and the course of treatment. Prevention is very important for those with a genetic tendency to type diabetes 2, excess weight or pathology in the pancreas.
Today, patients with the disease have relevant and real opportunities to avoid difficulties and stay at a high level of qualitative life. Any people can prevent and stop the spread of the disease. Any pain is easily accessible to all types aimed at treating diabetes. These are various variants of plant and synthetic drugs, insulin preparations, devices for their input into the body, control equipment.
Today, unique courses and seminars aimed at teaching patients are available. High -class experts, professionals in their field are accessible and informatively introduce them into any desire and suffering on all issues related to the disease.
An important rule for diabetes patients
- Ongoing examination and consultation with cardiologists to prevent the development of atherosclerosis and heart attack.
- Difficult pressure control.
- Frequent visits to the ophthalmology office, examining visual tools.
- Examine the condition of the blood vessels and lower leg joints.
- Staying in the fresh air is enough.